Technical Papers

2019 Technical Papers

 

Fundamental Investigations into Future Low-Drag Single-/ and Co-axial Rotor Hub Systems 

Tierney, C.*, Harris, J., Reich, D., Jaffa, N., and S. Schmitz, 2019. Scaled Model Testing of Rotor Hub Root-End Airfoil Shapes. Proceedings of the American Helicopter Society 75th Annual National Forum. (13 pages).  

Schmitz, S., Tierney, C.*, Metkowski, L.*, Reich, D., Jaffa, N., Centolanza, L. R., and M. L. Thomas, 2019. 2nd Rotor Hub Flow Prediction Workshop – Experimental Data Campaigns & Computational Analyses. Proceedings of the American Helicopter Society 75th Annual National Forum. (15 pages).  

Reich, D.*, Sinding, K., and S. Schmitz, 2018. Visualization of Helicopter Rotor Hub Wake, Experiments in Fluids 59(7), DOI: 10.1007/s00348-018-2571-7 (12 pages). 

Metkowski, L.*, Reich, D., Sinding, K., Jaffa, N., and S.Schmitz, 2018. Full-Scale Reynolds Number Experiment on Interactional Aerodynamics Between Two Model Rotor Hubs and a Horizontal Stabilizer. Proceedings of the American Helicopter Society 74th Annual National Forum. (10 pages). 

Stanko, J.*, Coder, J. G., and S. Schmitz, 2018. Shape Optimization of Rotorcraft Airfoils Using a Genetic Algorithm. Proceedings of the American Helicopter Society 74th Annual National Forum. (9 pages).  

Schmitz, S., Reich, D. B.*, Smith, M. J., and L. R. Centolanza, 2017. First Rotor Hub Flow Prediction Workshop – Experimental Data Campaigns and Computational Analyses. Proceedings of the American Helicopter Society 73rd Annual National Forum. (16 pages).  

Charles Tierney (M.S. 2019) “SCALED-MODEL TESTING OF ROTOR HUB ROOT-END AIRFOILS” 

David Reich (Ph.D. 2017) “EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF A HELICOPTER ROTOR HUB FLOW” 

Advanced Transition and Turbulence Modeling for CFD Applications 

Coder, J.G., “Effects of Transition Modelling on Simulation of Helicopter Rotor Hubs, VFS Annual Forum, May 2019 

Wall, T.D. and Coder, J.G., “Reduced Order Modelling and Analysis of Unsteady Rotor Hub Flows”, submitted to  76th Annual VFS Forum. 

Nonlinear Laser Ultrasonics for Reduced Variability in Additive Manufacturing Parts 

  1. Bakre, M. Hasanian, C.J. Lissenden, 2019, “Influence of surface roughness from additive manufacturing on laser ultrasonics measurements,” In: Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, Vol. 38, L.J. Bond, S. Holland, S. LaFlamme, Eds., American Institute of Physics Proc. 2102, 020009.

Ice Adhesion Strength Modeling and Mitigation via Low Surface Roughness Erosion Resistant Coatings for Rotor Blades 

Schneeberger, G., Wolfe, D., Palacios, J., “Development of Ice Protective Surfaces via Reduction of Surface Roughness” – AIAA Aviation 2020

Seamless Manufacturing of Hybrid Turbines for High Temperature Rotorcraft Propulsion System by Field Assisted Sintering Technology (FAST) 

  1. I. Lin, “Field-assisted sintering of nickel-based superalloy powder,” MS Thesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 2018.
  1. I. Lin, S. Niuman, A. Kulkarni, J. Singh, and N. Yamamoto, “Field-assisted sintering of nickel-based superalloy powder for high temperature hybrid turbine disk applications,” In: Jiang T. et al. (eds) 10th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham. March 2019.
  1. I. Lin, S. Niuman, A. K. Kulkarni, D. S. King, J. Singh, and N. Yamamoto, “Sintering and joining of Ni-based superalloys via FAST for turbine disc applications,” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, under review, October 2019.

Manuscript in preparation: C. I. Lin, J. Singh, and N. Yamamoto, “Ni-based superalloy powder with HfC additives using field assisted sintering for turbine applications.” 

Fidelity Requirements for Ship Airwake Modeling in Dynamic Interface Simulations 

Thedin, R., Murman, S.M., Horn, J.F., and Schmitz, S., “Effects of Atmospheric Turbulence Unsteadiness on Ship Airwakes and Helicopter Dynamics”, AIAA Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 57, (3), March 2020. 

  1. Thedin, M. Kinzel, J.F. Horn, and S. Schmitz, “Coupled Simulations of Atmospheric Turbulence-Modified Ship Airwakes and Helicopter Flight Dynamics,” AIAA Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 56, (2), December 2018

Christoffel, T., Hendrick, C., Thedin, R., Schmitz, S., Horn, J., “Towards Validation of a Dynamic Interface Simulation Using Flight Test Data,” Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society 76th Annual Forum, Virginia Beach, VA, October 2020. 

Thedin, R.*, Kinzel, M. P., and S. Schmitz, 2018. An Evaluation of the Effects of Resolved Shear-Driven Atmospheric Turbulence on Ship Airwakes, Journal of the American Helicopter Society 63(2), pp. 1-16, DOI: 10.4050/JAHS.63.022009.  

Thedin, R.*, Kinzel, M. P., and S. Schmitz, 2018. Simulation of a Helicopter-Ship Dynamic Interface Using Offline Database of Atmospheric Turbulence-Modified Airwake. Proceedings of the American Helicopter Society 74th Annual National Forum. (15 pages).  

Thedin, R.*, Kinzel, M. P., and S. Schmitz, 2017. Numerical Study of Ship Airwake Characteristics Immersed in Atmospheric Boundary-Layer Flow. 70th Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society (APS) Division of Fluid Dynamics, (abstract) Bulletin of the American Physical Society.  

Thedin, R.*, Kinzel, M. P., and S. Schmitz, 2017. High-Fidelity Simulations of the Interactions of Atmospheric Turbulence with Ship Airwakes. Proceedings of the American Helicopter Society 73rd Annual National Forum. (14 pages). 

Seth, D., Leishman, J. G., Gnanamanickam, E. P., and Zhang, Z. (2020). Time-Resolved PIV Measurements of a Ship Airwake in a Simulated Atmospheric Boundary Layer. AIAA Journal of Aircraft (under consideration for publication.) 

Seth, D., Zhang, Z.,  Gnanamanickam, E. P., and Leishman, J. G. (2020). Time-Resolved PIV Measurements of a Ship Airwake in a  Simulated Atmospheric Boundary Layer. AIAA Virtual Aviation Forum 2020, June 15–19. pages 2701–2734. AIAA. doi: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-2701 

Farish, D, Seth, D., Thedin, R., and Schmitz,  S. (2020). Investigation of Ship Airwakes Using Concurrent CFD Computations and PIV Experiments. AHS VFS Forum 76, Oct 6–8. Virginia Beach, VA. 

Gnanamanickam, E. P., Zhang, Z., Seth, D., and Leishman, J. G. (2020). Structure of the Ship Airwake in a Simulated Atmospheric Boundary Layer. AIAA Virtual Aviation Forum 2020, June 15–19. pages 1–16. AIAA. doi: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-2702 

Zhang, Z., Seth, D.,  Gnanamanickam, E. P., and Leishman, J. G. (2019). Time-Resolved PIV Airwake Measurements of a Frigate Ship Model. 72nd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics, Nov 23–26. Seattle, WA. 

David Farish (M.S. 2020) “LARGE EDDY SIMULATIONS OF SCALED WIND-TUNNEL EXPERIMENTS FOR SHIP AIRWAKE ANALYSIS” 

Regis Thedin (Ph.D. 2019) “AN INVESTIGATION OF COUPLED ATMOSPHERIC TURBULENCE AND SHIP AIRWAKES FOR HELICOPTER-SHIP DYNAMIC INTERFACE SIMULATIONS” 

High Airspeed Carriage of External Loads 

Scaramal, M., Enciu, J., and Horn, J. F., “Active Stabilization of Slung Loads in High Speed 

Flight Using Cable Angle Feedback,”  Journal of the American Helicopter Society, Vol. 64, 

042008, 2019 

Enciu, J., Singh, A, and Horn, J. F., “Stabilization of External Loads in High Speed Flight Using 

an Active Cargo Hook,” Journal of the American Helicopter Society, (accepted for publication, 

December, 2019) 

Rosen, A., Raz, R., Nadell, S., Cicolani, L., Chen, Z., Enciu, J., Horn, J., Tischler, M. B., Cheung, 

  1. K., “’Hardware-in-the-Loop Dynamic Wind Tunnel Investigation of Slung Loads Dynamics

with Application to Active Cargo Hook Stabilization of an M119 Howitzer,” to be presented in 

the 76th Vertical Flight Society (VFS) Annual Forum, Montreal, Canada, May 19-21,2020 

Singh, A, Enciu, J., and Horn, J. F., “Slung Load Stabilization Across the Flight Envelope Using 

an Active Cargo Hook,” AIAA SciTech 2019 Forum, San Diego, CA, January 7-11, 2019 

Scaramal, M., Enciu, J., and Horn, J. F., “Active Stabilization of Slung Loads in High Speed 

Flight Using Cable Angle Feedback,” 74th American Helicopter Society International Annual 

Forum, Phoenix, Arizona, May 14-17, 2018 

Enciu, J., Singh, A, and Horn, J. F., “Stabilization of External Loads in High Speed Flight Using 

an Active Cargo Hook,” 43rd European Rotorcraft Forum, Milan, Italy, September 12-15, 2017 

Load Alleviation Control Design Using High Order Dynamic Models 

Saetti U., Horn J.F. “Load Alleviation Control Design Using High Order Dynamic Models,” Journal of the American Helicopter Society, Vol. 65, (3), July 2020, pp.1-15. 

Saetti U., Horn J.F., Berger T., Tischler M. B., “A Handling Qualities Perspective on Load Alleviation Control,” Journal of the American Helicopter Society, under review, submitted October 2019. 

Saetti U., Horn J.F., Lopez, M.J.S., Tischler, M.B. Engineering Note: “Identification of Linear Time Periodic Systems From Flight Test Data,” AIAA Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol. 42, (10), June 24, 2019. 

Saetti U., Horn J.F., Berger T., Tischler M.B., “Optimization of Load Alleviation Flight Control Laws Using CONDUIT,” Vertical Flight Society 75th Annual Forum, Philadelphia, PA, May 2019. 

Slung Load State and Parameter Estimation for Autonomous Multi-lift Systems 

Geng & Langelaan, “Mass and Center of Mass Location Estimation for a 

Multi-lift Slung Load,” AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control 

Conference, Orlando, FL, January 2020

Paper submitted to JGCD (Journal of Guidance, Control and Dynamics) 

Geng & Langelaan, “Cooperative Transport of a Slung Load Using Load Leading 

Control”

Paper submitted to ACC (American Control Conference): 

Geng, Singla & Langelaan, “Trajectory Planning and Control for a Multi-lift 

system based on Load Distribution,” American Control Conference, IEEE, 

Denver, CO, July, 2020  

  • Paper presented on AIAA SciTech conference:

Geng & Langelaan, “Implementation and demonstration of coordinated 

transport of a slung load by a team of rotorcraft,” AIAA Guidance, 

Navigation, and Control Conference, San Diego, CA, January 2019

Fundamental Aeroacoustics of Coaxial Helicopter Rotors 

  1. Jia, S. Lee, K. Sharma, and K.S. Brentner, “Effect of Pitch Attitude on the Performance and Acoustics of a Lift-Offset Coaxial Rotor Based on High-Fidelity CFD/CSD Simulations,” 75th VFS International Annual Forum,Philadelphia, PA, May 13-19, 2019
  1. Sharma, K.S. Brentner, Z. Jia and S. Lee, “Aeroacoustic Study of Coaxial Rotor under Varying Trim Conditions and Rotor Orientations using Free Wake Analysis,” 75th VFS International Annual Forum, Philadelphia, PA, May 13-19, 2019

Abstracts submitted: 

  1. Sharma, Z. Jia, A.I. Phuriwat, K.S. Brentner, and S. Lee, “Aeroacoustic Predictions of Free-Wake, Vortex Particle Method, and Computational Fluid Dynamics for a Coaxial Rotor System,” Vertical Flight Society (VFS) Aeromechanics for Advanced Vertical Flight Technical Meeting, San Jose, CA, Jan. 20-23, 2020
  1. Sharma, E. Corle, A.I. Phuriwat, and K.S. Brentner, “Investigation of Coaxial Rotor Blade Crossover Aerodynamic Interactions using a Vortex Particle Method,” 76th VFS International Annual Forum, Montreal, Canada, May 19-21, 202
  1. Jia and S. Lee, “Interactional Acoustics of a Full Compound Coaxial Helicopter with Lift Offset in High-Speed Forward Flight,” 2020 AIAA Aviation Forum, Reno, NV, June 15-19, 2020

Enhanced Damping for High-Speed Rigid Rotors via Tailored Hybrid Nanocomposites and Fluidic Flexible Matrix Composite Blade Dampers 

Prakash, K., Smith, E. C., and Bakis, C. E., “Modeling of Laminated 

Reinforced Composite with Carbon Nanotube Interlayers to Estimate 

Structural Damping in a Rotorcraft Blade,” Proc. AIAA SciTech 2019 Forum, 

AIAA 2019-0858, American Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston, 

VA, 2019, 14 p. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-0858 

 MS thesis completed: 

Kim, J. J. “Fabrication and Characterization of High Damping Carbon Fiber 

Composites with Carbon Nanotube Interlayers,” May 2019

Conference paper abstract accepted: 

Prakash, K., Smith, E. C., and Bakis, C. E., “Damping of a Laminated 

Carbon/Epoxy Beam with Carbon Nanotube Interlayers,” Proc. AIAA 

SciTech 2020 Forum, 6-10 Jan. 2020, Orlando, FL (accepted)

Journal paper drafts currently under internal review/revision: 

Prakash, K., Smith, E. C., and Bakis, C. E., “Modeling of Laminated 

Reinforced Composite with Carbon Nanotube Interlayers to Estimate 

Structural Damping in a Rotorcraft Blade,” to be submitted to AIAA J. 

Kim, J. J., Brown, A. D., Bakis, C. E., and Smith, E. C., “Enhanced Damping 

in Carbon Fiber Composites Containing Carbon Nanotubes,” to be submitted 

to Composites Science and Technology 

Kim, J. J, Bakis, C. E., and Smith, E. C., “Experimental Evaluation of 

Carbon Nanotubes for HighStiffness Damping Augmentation in 

Carbon/Epoxy Composites,” Proc. 33rd Technical Conference of the 

American Soc. Composites and 18th US-Japan Conference on 

Composite Materials, A. Waas, Ed., DEStech Publications, Lancaster, 

PA, 2018 

Prakash, K., Smith, E. C., and Bakis, C. E., “Modeling of Polymer/ 

Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposite to Estimate Structural Damping in a 

Rotorcraft Blade,” Proc. 33rd Technical Conference of the American 

Soc. Composites and 18th US-Japan Conference on Composite 

Materials, A. Waas, Ed., DEStech Publications, Lancaster, PA, 2018. 

Krott, M. J., Smith, E. C., Palacios J., Rahn, C. D., “Modeling, 

Development, and Testing of a Fluidic Flexible Matrix Composite Lead- 

Lag Damper”, Proc. AHS Forum 74. 

Ph.D. dissertation completed: 

Krott, M.J. “Fluidic Flexible Matrix Composite Vibration Treatments for 

Helicopter Airframes and Rotor Blades,” Aug 2018 

Krott, M.J., Smith, E.C., and Rahn, C.D., “Coupled and Multimode Tailboom Vibration Control Using Fluidic Flexible Matrix Composite Tubes,” 64, 042007 (2019),  DOI: 10.4050/JAHS.64.042007. 

Krott, M.J., Smith, E.C., and Rahn, C.D., ”Modeling and Testing of Fluidic Flexible Matrix Composite Lead-Lag Dampers,” 65, 012012 (2020), DOI: 10.4050/JAHS.65.012012. 

MS thesis completed: 

Prakash, K. “Modeling for Polymer/ Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposite to Estimate Structural Damping in a Rotocraft Blade,” Dec 2017 

Experimental and Computational Analysis of Thermal and Dynamic  

Performance of Hybrid Gears under Normal and Loss-of-Lubrication Operation 

Waller, M., McIntyre, S., and Koudela, K, “Composite Materials for Hybrid Aerospace Gears,” Submitted to the Journal of the American Helicopter Society, (November 2019) 

Gauntt, S., “Design Optimization of a Hybrid Spur Gear Including Tooth Bending Effects,” Presented at the 2019 VFS Power and Propulsion Technical Meeting, Hampton, VA (2019) 

Waller, M., “Composite Materials for Hybrid Rotorcraft Gears,” Presented at the 2019 VFS Power and Propulsion Technical Meeting, Hampton, VA (2019) 

Isaacson, A., Wassel, C., Palmer, T., and McIntyre, S., “An investigation of the mechanical property changes and softening mechanisms in advanced aerospace gear steels during short-term exposure to high temperature,” Presented at the 2019 VFS Power and Propulsion Technical Meeting, Hampton, VA (2019) 

Wassel, C., Isaacson, A., and McIntyre, S. “A Short Term Hot Hardness Evaluation of Advanced Aerospace Gear Steels,” Presented at the 74th Annual STLE Meeting, Nashville, TN (2019) 

Isaacson, A., Wassel, C., and McIntyre, S. “Softening Mechanisms in Carburized Aerospace Gear Steels during Short Term Exposure to High Temperature,” Presented at the 74th Annual STLE Meeting, Nashville, TN (2019) 

McIntyre, S., Berkebile, S., and Murthy, N. “A Model for the Formation and Wear of Oxide Tribofilms on Aerospace Steels under High-Speed Boundary Lubrication Conditions,” Presented at the 74th Annual STLE Meeting, Nashville, TN (2019) 

Waller, M., Koudela, K., and McIntyre, S. “Design of Composite Materials for Improved Loss-of-Lubrication Survivability of Hybrid Rotorcraft Gears,” Presented at the 75th Annual VFS Forum, Philadelphia, PA (2019) 

Gauntt, S., Campbell, R., and McIntyre, S. “Design Optimization of a Hybrid Spur Gear,” Presented at the 75th Annual VFS Forum, Philadelphia, PA (2019) 

Experimental Validation, Noise and Dynamic Analysis and Variable Speed Attributes of High Power Density Pericyclic Transmission 

  1. Mathur, E.C. Smith, R. Bill, “Development of the Pericyclic drive from concept

to prototype a path towards rotorcraft transmission weight and noise reduction” 

VFS Propulsion and Power Technical Meeting, Oct. 2019, Hampton, VA, USA 

  1. Mathur, M.A. Stevens, E.C. Smith, R. Bill, “Pericyclic Transmission Prototype:

Detailed Component Design, Analysis and Fabrication”, AHS Forum 75, May 2019, 

Philadelphia, PA, USA  

  1. Mathur, E.C. Smith, H. DeSmidt, R. Bill, “Design of a High Power Density

Pericyclic Drive Prototype for Testing at NASA Glenn Transmission Test Facility”, 

AHS Forum 74, May 2018, Phoenix, AZ, USA 

  1. Mathur, E.C. Smith, L. Chang, R. Bill, “Contact Mechanics and Elasto-Hydrodynamics

Lubrication Analysis of an Internal-External Bevel Gear Mesh in a Pericyclic Drive”, 

Proceedings of ASME-2017 IDETC, Cleveland, Ohio, USA, Aug 6-9, 2017

  1. Mathur PhD Dissertation: Comprehensive design, analysis, and fabrication of Pericyclic mechanical transmission with straight bevel gears, 2019.

In Prep: 

Mathur, Smith, Bill, “A Novel Loaded Tooth Contact Analysis Procedure with Application to Internal-External Straight Bevel Gear Mesh in Pericyclic Drive”  

“Elasto-hydrodynamic Lubrication Analysis of Straight Bevel Gears in Point Contact with Applications to Epicyclic and Pericyclic Drives” 

“A Component and System Level Design Procedure for a Pericyclic Drive Prototype” 

Active Clutch Engagement Control and Maneuver-Assisted Shifting for Two-Speed Rotorcraft Transmissions 

DeSmidt, H.A., Smith, E.C., and Bill, R.C., “Structural Dynamics of a Dual Clutch Offset Compound Gear Transmission with Electro-Magnetically Actuated Engagement ,” Proc. 74th Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum, Phoenix, AZ, May 14-17, 2018. 

Su, Xiaowen, DeSmidt, H.A., Smith, E.C., and Bill, R.C., “Effect of maneuvering and gust loads on the two speed shift dynamics of a helicopter equipped with a dual clutch transmission,” Proc. 75th Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum, Philadelphia, PA, May 13-16, 2019. 

Su, Xiaowen, DeSmidt, H.A., Smith, E.C., and Bill, R.C., “Modeling and Design of a Wet Clutch/Offset Compound Gear Transmission for Dual-Speed Rotorcraft Applications,” Proc. 76th Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum, Montreal, Canada, May 2020. (To Be Submitted)